N-heptane is a straight-chain alkane with seven carbon atoms, commonly known as normal heptane. It has various industrial, commercial, and laboratory applications. Here are uses of n-heptane:

1. Solvent: N-heptane is primarily used as a solvent in industrial processes, such as extraction, degreasing, and cleaning. It is particularly effective for dissolving oils, fats, waxes, and resins due to its nonpolar nature.
2. Laboratory Reagent: N-heptane is used as a solvent and reagent in chemical laboratories for various purposes, including chromatography, spectrophotometry, and organic synthesis. It is often preferred for its low boiling point and relatively inert nature.
3. Fuel Blend Component: N-heptane is a component of gasoline blends used in automotive engines. It serves as a reference compound in octane rating tests, where its resistance to knocking or detonation is compared to other fuel components.
4. Standard in Analytical Chemistry: N-heptane is commonly used as a standard reference material in analytical chemistry, particularly in gas chromatography (GC) and mass spectrometry (MS) analyses. It is used as a solvent for preparing calibration standards and as a diluent for sample preparation.
5. Paints and Coatings: N-heptane is sometimes used as a diluent or solvent in the formulation of paints, coatings, and varnishes. It helps to adjust the viscosity of the formulation and facilitates the application and spreading of the coating material.
6. Adhesives and Sealants: N-heptane may be used as a solvent or carrier in the production of adhesives, sealants, and caulks. It helps to dissolve the adhesive components and improve their flow properties during application.
7. Rubber Manufacturing: N-heptane is utilized in the rubber industry as a processing aid and solvent for natural and synthetic rubber compounds. It helps to dissolve rubber additives and aids in the mixing and compounding of rubber formulations.
8. Pesticide Formulation: N-heptane is sometimes used as a carrier solvent in the formulation of pesticides and herbicides. It helps to dissolve the active ingredients and aids in the uniform distribution of the formulation on target surfaces.
9. Extraction of Natural Products: N-heptane is employed in the extraction of natural products, such as essential oils, from plant materials. It is used as a nonpolar solvent to extract lipophilic compounds from botanical sources.

It’s important to handle n-heptane with care, as it is highly flammable and may pose health hazards if not used properly. Proper ventilation and safety precautions should be observed when handling and storing n-heptane in industrial or laboratory settings.